The cannabis plant - Everything you need to know about hemp

The cannabis plant, commonly known as the hemp plant, has its roots in the areas of Central Asia, particularly the Himalayan and Hindu Kush regions. These regions, which include parts of modern countries such as India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal, are home to the original wild forms of the cannabis plant, known as Cannabis sativa subsp. indica and Cannabis sativa subsp. Afghanistan can be classified.

The history of the cannabis plant dates back thousands of years, and its connection to human culture is deep and diverse. Even in ancient times, various cultures recognized the versatility of this plant and began to cultivate it. People discovered the numerous uses of cannabis, ranging from making ropes and textiles to using its psychoactive properties for ritual, medicinal and recreational purposes [1]. The plant reached different parts of the world due to trade, migration and colonial expeditions. In some regions it became an important agricultural product and an essential part of economic and cultural identity. Today, cannabis, also known as marijuana, is grown all over the world, in different climates and geographical regions. Numerous varieties and subspecies have been developed to suit the specific conditions and requirements in different parts of the world. This plant has a long and rich history of human use and cultivation and remains an important crop in many areas [1]. From the medical use of cannabinoids such as CBD and THC to the industrial use of hemp fiber and seeds, the cannabis plant has had a lasting impact on human society [1].

The life cycle of hemp plants

The life cycle of the cannabis plant is an extremely complex process that consists of three main phases, namely the germination phase, the vegetative growth phase and the flowering phase [2]. These phases are of crucial importance for the entire development process of the plant and are closely related to various external environmental factors as well as the genetic makeup of the plant itself [2]. During the germination phase, the life of the cannabis plant unfolds from a tiny seed. In this phase, the seed develops a root and a shoot, which form the basis for future growth [2]. The quality of the soil and the right moisture are crucial here, as this supports the seed in the formation of its first roots [2]. The vegetative growth phase is a time of intense growth and concentration on building a strong stem and lush leaves [2]. The main goal in this phase is to develop a vigorous and resilient plant capable of utilizing maximum sunlight for photosynthesis [2]. The plant typically becomes larger and bushier during this time, preparing to develop flowers. The flowering phase marks the next moment in the cannabis plant's life cycle. In this phase, plants begin to produce flowers, which are responsible for producing cannabinoids such as THC and CBD. The duration and intensity of the flowering phase depend on the photoperiod, that is, the ratio of light and darkness [2]. This aspect can vary depending on the type of cannabis (indica, sativa, ruderalis) and the specific growing conditions [2]. Growers must precisely control lighting to determine the optimal time to harvest. The ability of the cannabis plant to adapt to different environmental conditions makes growing cannabis both a challenging and rewarding task for breeders and researchers alike [2].

Difference between male and female hemp plants

Distinguishing between male and female crops is crucial when it comes to producing cannabinoid-rich flowers [2]. The two sexes have different functions and can contribute to the development and harvest of high-quality cannabis [2]. Male hemp plants are primarily responsible for producing pollen. Their main purpose is to pollinate female plants to enable reproduction [2]. The pollen produced by the male plants contains the male sex cells and is transported to the female flowers by the wind or insects. Once pollination has occurred, the female plants begin producing seeds. These female plants produce dense, resin-rich flowers rich in cannabinoids such as THC and CBD [2]. The non-pollinated, female cannabis plants do not produce seeds, but instead focus on producing cannabinoids and resin [2].

Can you grow hemp?

The cultivation of cannabis is possible under certain conditions and is legalized in some countries and regions [3]. Successful cultivation requires a deep understanding of plant biology, life cycle, and specific requirements of cannabis plants. Factors such as light, water, nutrients and ambient temperature are crucial [3]. One of the most important considerations when growing cannabis is paying attention to the difference between male and female plants. Female plants are typically the ones that produce high-quality cannabinoid-rich flowers, while male plants primarily produce pollen and serve to pollinate female plants [2]. Selecting appropriate strains, including Cannabis Indica, Sativa and hybrid strains, is also important [3]. Each variety has its own growth characteristics, effects and requirements [3]. Choosing the right strain depends on the goals of cultivation, be it for medical cannabis, recreational use as an intoxicant, or industrial applications [3]. In addition, cannabis plants must receive optimal conditions for light, water and nutrients [3].

Sources

[1] CBD deal

[2] Drugcom

[3] Barmer